Chechen pronouns

Chechen personal pronouns take the same case endings as nouns do, except in the ergative. Unlike the languages of Europe, but like several other languages of the Caucasus, the Chechen first person plural pronouns distinguish an inclusive and an exclusive. The inclusive 'we' refers to both speaker and hearer while the exclusive 'we' refers to the speaker and one or more others but not the hearer. The third person pronouns are also demonstrative pronouns ('this one, that one', 'these, those').

I, me you (singular) he/she/it

N so hwo i / iza

G san hwan cynan

D suuna hwuuna cunna

E as / asa ahw / ahwa cuo

A soega hwoega cynga

I soeca hwoeca cynca

L sox hwox cunax

C sol hwol cul

we (excl.) we (incl.) you (plural) they

N txo vai shu ysh

G txan vain shun ceeran

D txuuna vaina shuna caarna

E ooxa vai ash / asha caara

A txoega vaiga shyga caerga

I txoeca vaica shyca caerca

L txox vaix shux caarax

C txol vail shul caaral

Selected other pronouns:

who what

N mila hun

G hweenan stienan

D hwaanna stianna

E hwan stie

A hwaenga stianga

I hwaenca stianca

L hwaannax stienax

C hwaannal stienal