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Dengue fever, the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral illness in humans, is caused by dengue virus. The four serotypes of dengue virus are members of the Flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family, and are related to the viruses that cause yellow fever, hepatitis C, and the West Nile, Japanese and St. Louis encephalitides. Infection by dengue virus causes a spectrum of clinical disease ranging from an acute debilitating, self-limited febrile illness (dengue fever or DF), to a life-threatening syndrome (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome or DHF/DSS). At present, no effective antiviral treatment or vaccine exists, and therapy is largely supportive in nature.
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