|
I. Science and Politics
outline
|
|
Week 1
|
examples, where Science
meets policy: Oil Reserves; CREATIONISM
|
|
01/19
Lecture
1
Review
questions
|
Required Richard Kerr, "The
Next Oil Crisis Looms -- and Perhaps Close" Science 281:1128-31 (1998)
Evolution and
Schools: Dover
School District Case, Cobb
County Court Case
MSNBC News "Judge Nixes Evolution Textbook
Stickers" Associated Press Jan
13, 2005.
The
Galileo Trial
|
|
|
Discussion: What
would the Dover court have said about the Galileo trial?
|
|
|
|
|
Week 2
|
Science Funding:
Congress, Federal Agencies, Advocacy Groups
outline
|
|
01/26
|
Required
|
|
Lecture
2
Review
questions
|
Basic
facts on R&D
Spending
Groopman, J. The Reeve Effect, The
New Yorker, Nov 10, 2003,
pp83+
California
Debates Whether to Become Stem Cell Heavyweight Science (News)
305:1544-45.
Stem
Cell Committee Expects to Award First Grants in May USA
Today Health and Behavior (January
1, 2005).
Assessment
of the California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act Center
for Genetics and Society (January
18, 2005).
Hart, Iain. 2005. Future
Imperfect
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
President’s
Council on Bioethics. 2004. Ch 2. (Federal Law and Policy) of Monitoring
Stem Cell Research
Pennisi & Vogel, “Clones,
A Hard Act To Follow,” Science 288: 1772-1727 (June 9, 2000)
Stem Cells, Nature
414: 88ff. (Nov. 2001).
National Institutes of Health, Stem Cell Basics
McLaren, “Cloning: Pathway to a Pluripotent Future,” Science 288:1775-1780 (June 9, 2000)
|
|
|
Guest
Lecturer: John Ellwood, Professor of
Public Policy, on the federal budget process
|
|
II. Policy Toward Science
|
|
Week 3
|
Research
Universities
outline
|
|
02/02
|
Required
|
|
University
R&D
Review
questions
|
E.
Press & J. Washburn, The
Kept University The Atlantic (March
2000)
R.
Florida, “The Role
of the University: Leveraging Talent, Not Technology,” Issues in
Science and Technology 15:4 (1999)
R.
Dalton, “Berkeley
Dispute Festers Over Biotech Deal,” Nature 399:5 (1999)
“More on CNR’s Research Agreement With Novartis,”
The Berkeleyan (December 9, 1998).
Scotchmer, Innovation and Incentives, Ch. 8 (also
for weeks 4 and 5)
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Etzkowitz, et al, “The Future of the
University and the University of the Future: Evolution of the Ivory Tower to
Entrepreneurial Paradigm,” Research Policy 29, (2000), pp. 313-330.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Week 4 (SS)
|
Procuring
Knowledge
outline
|
|
02/09
|
Required
|
|
Funding
Schemes
Review
questions
|
Maurer, S. and S. Scotchmer. 2004. "Procuring
Knowledge". In Libecap, G.,
ed., Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship: Advances in the Study of
Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth, Vol
15, pp. 1-31. The Netherlands: JAI Press (Elsevier).
Gerth and Stolberg,
"Drug Makers
Reap Profits On Tax-Backed Research" New York Times (April
23, 2000, p. 1.1)
M. Taylor, E.
Rubin, D. Hounshell, "Regulation
as the Mother of Innovation: The Case of SO2 Control." Law
and Policy 27, 348-378.
|
|
|
Recommended: N. Gallini
and S. Scotchmer. 2002. “Intellectual Property: When is it the Best
Incentive Mechanism?” Innovation
Policy and the Economy 2:51-78.
Adam
B. Jaffe, "The
U.S. Patent System in Transition: Policy Innovation and the Innovation
Process," Research Policy 29:531-557 (2000)
|
|
|
Discussion: Xalatan, Stem Cells
|
|
|
|
|
Week 5 (SS, SM)
|
How public funding
works outline
|
|
02/16
|
Required
|
|
Review
questions
|
Jay Stowsky, “Conversion to
Competitiveness: Making the Most of the National Labs,” The American
Prospect (Fall 1992)
Scotchmer,
Innovation and Incentives, Ch. 8
Science 113:169-170
(January 13, 2006). U.S.
Rules on Accounting for Grants Amount to More than a Hill of Beans.
|
|
|
Discussion: Xalatan, Stem Cells
|
|
|
|
|
Week 6
|
Research in
Government Laboratories and Corporate
Research
|
|
02/23
|
Required
|
|
|
J. Berstein,
Three Degrees Above Zero: Bell Labs, Intro
and Chapter 7, New York: Scribner.
Robert Service. The
Hydrogen Backlash. Science 305:958-961
(Aug 13, 2004).
|
|
Corporate
R&D
Review
questions
|
Sperling, D. and J. Ogden, "The Hope for
Hydrogen" Issues in
Science and Technology Online Spring 2004.
Romm J. J. "The Hype about
Hydrogen" Issues in
Science and Technology Online Spring 2004.
|
|
|
Discussion: Who should be funding hydrogen cars?
the government? the auto industry?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Week 7
|
Scientists in
Court outline
|
|
03/02
|
Required
|
|
SM:
Science in Court
SS:
Statistics in Court
Review
questions
|
Scotchmer, Rules of Evidence and Statistical Reasoning
in Court, Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and
the Law, P. Newman (ed), 1998.
Proctor,
Robert H. 1995. Ch. 5 (‘Doubt is our Product’: Trade Association Science”) of
Cancer Wars: What we know and don’t
Know about Cancer. New York: Basic
Books.
Faigman,
“Is Science
Different for Lawyers?” Science 297, pp. 339-340 (2002)
Mazur,
Allan. 2002. "Science in A Civil Action." In J. Imber, ed.,
Searching for Science Policy. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Jasanoff, “Expert Games in Silicone Gel Breast Implant
Litigation,” in Freeman and Reece, eds., Science in Court (London: Darmouth, 1998), pp. 83-107.
Loftus,
Elizabeth, On Science
Under Legal Assault, Daedelus Fall
2003, 82-84. and interview in Psychology
Today
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
A 1897
Heroin Ad (!) from the inventor Bayer (aspirin).
Foster
and Huber, Judging Science: Scientific Knowledge and the Federal Courts
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997)
Martha
Derthick. 2002. Up In Smoke: From
Legislation to Litigation in Tobacco Politics. Washington, D.C.: CQ
Press.
Imbers, J., ed.
2002. Searching for Science
Policy. New Brunswick: Transaction
Publishers.
|
|
|
Discussion: Cancer Clusters
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Week 8 (SM)
|
Developing Drugs
for Diseases of Poverty outline
|
|
|
03/09
|
|
|
|
Drugs
Lecture
Review
questions
|
Required:
S. Maurer, A.
Sali & A. Rai. 2004.
“Finding Cures for
Tropical Disease: Is Open Source the Answer?,” Public Library of Science: Medicine 1:56-58.
S. Maurer.
2005. Choosing
the Right Incentive Strategy for R&D in Neglected Diseases. Bulletin
of the World Health Organization. May 2006 84(5).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Week 9 (SM)
|
SCIENTISTS MAKING
POLICY outline
|
|
03/16
|
Required
|
|
Agencies
lecture
Review
questions
|
Office
of the Inspector General, EPA. Memo
to EPA: More Science Needed on Regulating Mercury Emissions. 2005.
Committee
on Government Reform (Special Investigations), U.S. House of Representatives.
2003. Politics
and Science in the Bush Administration.
Townes, Charles. 1999. "On Moondust
and Other Science Advice." in his
memoir How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist. Oxford
University Press.
Jasanoff, The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as
Policymakers, chapters 1 and 3 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1990.
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Wynne,
“Creating Public Alienation: Expert Cultures of Risk and Ethics on GMOs,” Science as Culture 10 (2001), pp. 445-481.
Dupree, A.
Hunter. 1986. Science in the Federal Government: A
History of Policies and Activities.
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Week10 (SM SS)
|
Research
Integrity
outline
|
|
03/23
|
Required
|
|
Misconduct
lecture
Review
questions
|
Campbell,
E., Clarridge, B., Gokhale,
M., Birenbaum, L., Hilgartner,
S., Holtzman, N., Blumenthal, D. 2002. "Data
Witholding in Academic Genetics: Evidence from
a National Survey.'' Journal of the
American Medical Association 287:473.
Kevles, D. 1996.
"The Assault on David Baltimore."
New Yorker 94 (May 27).
Baltimore,
“Baltimore’s Travels
Continued,” Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2003
R. F.
Service, “Bell
Labs Fires Star Physicst Found Guilty of Forging
Data,” Science 298, 30 (2002)
C. Seife, “Heavy-Element
Fizzle Laid to Falsified Data,” Science 297, 313 (2002)
Misbehavior,
not Misconduct. Science 311:928
(Feb 17, 2006).
How
Young Korean Researchers Unearthed a Scandal. Science 311:22-25 (Jan 6, 2006).
Stem
Cell Claim Demolished. Science 311:156-157
(Jan 13, 2006).
Committee
Report, Seoul National
University, on Hwang’s Research
Misconduct.
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Robert F. Service, “More
of Bell Labs Physicist’s Papers Retracted,” Science 299:31 (2003)
|
|
|
Discussion:
|
|
|
|
|
Week11 (SM SS)
|
science and the
Market: food AND Obesity outline
|
|
04/06
|
Required
|
|
obesity
Review
questions
|
Nestle, Marion. 2002. Chs 2 and 11 of Food Politics. Berkeley, CA: U.C.
Press
Nestle, Marion. 2003. Ch. 6 of Safe Food. Berkeley, CA:
U.C. Press.
Taubes, Gary. New
York Times magazine, Jan 20, 2003. What if it's all a
Big Fat Lie?
Kuchler, F. and N. Ballenger. Societal
Costs of Obesity: How can we Assess when Federal Intervention will Pay?,
Economic Research Service, USDA, February 2002.
Chou, Shin-Yi,
Michael Grossman, Henry Saffer, An Economic Analysis of Adult
Obesity: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Working Paper 9247, National Bureau of Economic Research.
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Meg Green, Food
fright: potentially faced with a high tab for fast-food lawsuits, insurers
crave information about current litigation. Best's Review, August 2003 v104 i4
p24(10)
Todd G. Buchholz,
Burgers, fries and lawyers. Policy Review, Feb-March 2004 i123
p45(15
Kleiman, M. 1992. Tobacco chapter from Against excess
: drug policy for results New
York, NY : BasicBooks.
|
|
|
Guest Lecturer:
Marion Nestle, Goddard Professor of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public
Health, New York University
|
|
|
|
|
Week12 (SM SS)
|
Science and
Security: Terrorism outline
|
|
04/13
|
Required
|
|
lecture
Review
questions
|
Stephen M.
Maurer, Keith V. Lucas & Starr Terrell, From
Understanding to Action: Community Based Options for Improving Safety and Security
in Synthetic Biology
Richard A.
Muller, The Dirty Bomb Distraction, Technology Review (June 23 2004) available at http://www.technologyreview.com/BizTech/wtr_13651,296,p1.html
Thomas,
“From Saviors to Suspects: New Threats to Infectious Disease Research,” in
Leone and Anrig, Jr., eds., The War on Our
Freedoms: Civil liberties in the Age of Terrorism. New York: The Century Foundation. 2003.
Relyea, Ch. 4 Silencing Science: National Security
Controls and Scientific Communication (Norwood, NJ: Ablex,
1994)
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Marburger, “Science
and Technology for Countering Terrorism,” White House Office of Science
and Technology Policy statement, National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting,
April 30, 2002
D.
Malakoff, “Security
Rules Leave Labs Wanting More Guidance,” Science 299:1175 (2003)
J. Mervis & E. Stokstad, “NAS Censors
Report on Agriculture Threats,” Science 297: 1973-75 (2002)
J. Couzin, “A Call for
Restraint on Biological Data,” Science, 297:741 (2002).
T.
Reid & J. Parkhill, “Restricting
genome data won’t stop bioterrorism,” Nature 417:379 (2002).
E. Check, “Biologists
Apprehensive Over US Moves to Censor Information Flow,” Nature 415:821 (2002).
|
|
|
|
|
Week13 (SM SS)
|
Science and the
Market: Dioxin, Genetic testing and
insurance outline
|
|
04/20
|
Required
|
|
Insurance
Carcinogens
Review
questions
|
Bruce
N. Ames, Renae Magaw
& Lois Gold, “Ranking
Possible Carcinogenic Hazards,” Science 236:271-79 (1987) and
related letters.
Gough,
M. 2003. Ch. 8 (The Political Science of agent
Orange and Dioxin) of Politicizing
Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking.
Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.
Leslie
Roberts, “EPA
Moves to Reassess the Risk of Dioxin,” Science 252:911 (1991).
Leslie
Roberts, “Dioxin
Risks Revisited,” Science 251:634 (1991)
Burke,
"Genetic
Testing," New England Journal of
Medicine 347:1867-1875 (2002).
Nowlan, "A Rational
View of Insurance and Genetic Discrimination" Science 297:195.
Rothenberg
and Terry, "Before
It's Too late -- Addressing the Fear of Genetic
Information," Science 297:196-197 (12 July 2002).
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Hemenway. 2001.
“The Public Health Approach to Motor Vehicles, Tobacco, and Alcohol,
with Applications to Firearms Policy.”
Journal of Public Health Policy 22
(4): 381-402
Proctor,
Robert H. 1995. Chs 6, 8, 9. Cancer
Wars: What we know and don’t Know about Cancer. New York: Basic Books.
Moore, D. A.,
Cain, D. M., Loewenstein, G. and Bazerman, M. (eds.)
Conflicts of Interest: Problems and Solutions from Law, Medicine
and Organizational Settings.
London: Cambridge University Press.
http://www.conflictofinterest.info/ http://www.conflictofinterest.info/researchers.htm
|
|
|
Discussion: Vioxx and Celebrex, teenagers Paxil/Zoloft
|
|
|
|
|
Week14 (SM SS)
|
Climate Change outline top
|
|
04/27
|
Required
|
|
Global
Warming
Review
questions
|
Stephen
Schneider, “Earth
Systems Management and Engineering,” Nature 409:417-21 (2002)
Caldeira et al., “Climate
Sensitivity Uncertainty and the Need for Energy Without CO2 Emission,” Science
299:2052 (2003).
Christian
Korner, “Slow In,
Rapid Out: Carbon Flux Studies and Kyoto Targets,” Science 300:1242-43 (2003).
Schulze
et al., “Making
Deforestation Pay Under the Kyoto Protocol,” Science 299:1699
(2003)
Brian
O’Neill & Michael Oppenheimer, “Dangerous
Climate Impacts and the Kyoto Protocol, Science 296:1971-72
(2002).
Bert
Bolin, “The
Kyoto Negotiations on Climate Change: A Science Perspective,” Science 279:330-31
(1998).
J. Kaiser
& R. Kerr, “Saving
Kyoto,” Science 290:920-22 (2000).
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Singer,
S. F. 2003. Ch. 11 (The Revelle-Gore
Story) in Politicozing Science. Stanford,
CA: Hoover Institution Press.
Parson,
"The Technology
Assessment Approach to Climate Change," Issues in Science and
Technology, Summer, 2002, 65-72.
John
P. Holdren, "The
Energy-Climate Challenge", Environment, June 2001.
Chris
Forest et al., “Quantifying
Uncertainties in Climate System Properties With Use of Recent Climate
Observations,” Science 295:113 (2002).
Andrew Weaver
& Francis W. Zwiers, “Uncertainty
in Climate Change,” Nature 407:571-2 (2000).
|
|
|
|
|
Week15 (SM SS)
|
Science and the
Community: The Problem of Facility Siting top
|
|
05/04
|
Required
|
|
Review
questions
|
M. O’Ohare and D. Sanderson. 1993. “Facility Siting and Compensation: Lessons from the Massachusetts
Experience.” JPAM 12:364-376.
Dear,
“Understanding
and Overcoming the NIMBY Syndrome,” Journal of the American Planning
Association (Summer 1992), pp. 288-300
Richard
Kerr, “Science
and Policy Clash at Yucca Mountain” Science 288: 602 (2000)
Rodney
Ewing & Allison MacFarlane, “Nuclear Waste:
Yucca Mountain,” Science 296:659-60
Michael Apted et al., “Yucca
Mountain: Should We Delay?” Science 296:233-35 (2002)
|
|
|
Recommended
|
|
|
Popper,
“The Environmentalist and the LULU,” Environment, 27: 6-11, 37-40
March 1985.
O’Hare, “Not
on My Block You Don’t: Facility Siting and the
Strategic Importance of Compensation,” Public Policy (Fall 1977)
|
|
|
Guest Lecturer: Michael O’Hare
|